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| Chronology: II and I periods (1/6) | |
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The very beginning of a continuous populating of the Camonica Valley happened only
with the V and IV millennia B.C., when populations that knew and practiced the
breeding and agriculture occupied many areas of Europe and North Italy. In the
Alpine valleys, these innovations came attenuated and integrated to the traditions
and to the local economy of the nomad bands of hunters, giving origin to a way of
life more articulated, based on hunting, breeding and cultivation. Such changes run through again also on the artistic manifestations of these people: the principal theme that we find represented in Camunian Neolithic rock art is the "prayer", human figure with hands up in worship act, together with objects or symbols of the agrarian world, such as the sun, the plough or the hoe. Dating: 5.500-3.300 B.C. Corresponding archaeological period: Neolithic. Material culture: Neolithic with pottery. Character of the style and principal represented themes: synthetic and essential in the first period; the "prayer" is combined with symbols of worship; afterwards, representations of ceremonies and collective, social and economic moments. Scene of worship. Weapons and tools: spear, boomerang, bow and arrow, shovel; agrarian objects (hoe and plough) in the advanced phases. Pets: at the beginning only the dogs; later the oxen, then the goats. Important technologic elements: reproduction of animals in captivity (breeding) and plants (agriculture); introduction of pottery. Technologic standard:plough, bow, trap, loom. Essential economic activities: hunting and fishing together with agriculture and breeding; incipient organized trade. Social structure: Clan and little tribes. Believes and religion: the sun worship, death cult, animals and dog cult; towards the end of the period, anthropomorphic idols and the god-superman cult. |
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