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| Chronology: IV period (1/9) | |
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The last millennium B.C. is characterized, in the whole maturity (V Century B.C.), by the arising in Italy of the first big political inter regional European entities: is the case of the Celts and the Etruscan people, events that certainly involved and contaminated also the more peripheric areas like Camonica Valley . Surely changes occurred in the social and economic Camunian structure: testimonies are the large engraved scenes and important archaeological finds. Dating: 1.200-16 B.C. Corresponding archaeological period: final Bronze and Iron Age. Material culture: pottery of various phases of the last Bronze and Iron Age; similarities with Atesini's complexes. Character of the style and principal represented themes: realistic and anedoctic with descriptive and complex scenes of every day life and of magic - mythologic character. Weapons, tools and structures: shield, helmet, sword, spear, axe, kept by hands by human figures; agrarian tools: plough, hoe, scythe, sickle, mattock; huts, barns, temples; scenes of handicraft, manufacture of metal and building of wheels. Pets: dog, ox, horse, donkey, goat, duck, chicken, goose; the rabbit appears in the late phase. Important technological and cultural innovations: manufacture of iron; in the evolved phases there are the introduction of the writing. Essential economic activities: trade, mining and manufacture of metal, breeding, agriculture and hunting; warriors and professional priests. Social structure: Structure of dominion in the walled villages; an etno-politic unit "nation" " during the period of influence of Celtic and Etruscan Cultures. Believe and religion: worship of the spirits and the heroes; polytheism with classes of celestial and underworld goddess. |
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